Estrogen, aging and the cardiovascular system

Aging and the Cardiovascular System

T he progressive aging of the population is a phenomenon of our era. Aging is characterized by a progressive organ dysfunction that complicates the maintenance of homeostasis. However, there is no universal definition of senility. Physiological changes occurring with aging do not appear at any definite time. The majority of definitions of aging are based on calendar age. The World Health Organi...

Mitophagy: New Insight into the Cardiovascular Aging  

Physiology of Aging Invited Review: Aging and the cardiovascular system

Ferrari, Alberto U., Alberto Radaelli, and Marco Centola. Invited Review: Aging and the cardiovascular system. J Appl Physiol 95: 2591–2597, 2003; 10.1152/japplphysiol.00601.2003.—Aging is associated with complex and diversified changes of cardiovascular structure and function. The heart becomes slightly hypertrophic and hyporesponsive to sympathetic (but not parasympathetic) stimuli, so that t...

Estrogen signaling in the cardiovascular system

Estrogen exerts complex biological effects through the two isoforms of estrogen receptors (ERs): ERalpha and ERbeta. Whether through alteration of gene expression or rapid, plasma membrane-localized signaling to non-transcriptional actions, estrogen-activated ERs have significant implications in cardiovascular physiology. 17-beta-estradiol (E2) generally has a protective property on the vascula...

Aging-Related Changes of the Cardiovascular System

The cardiovascular system (CVS) is associated with many complex changes during aging both in structure and function, which leads to alterations in of the cardiovascular physiology that differ from pathological effects such as disease of the coronary arteries. The changes related to age seen in everyone but not necessarily at the same rate. The related change of the CVS with aging includes sligh...